Acute effects of foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion and squat exercise patterns in extreme conditioning program practitioners: A randomized clinical trial

Letícia Santos Cardoso; Luana Rocha Paulo; Cecília Ferreira Aquino; Isadora Gomes Alves Mariano; Gabriel Campos Souza; Gabriel Mader de Oliveira; Redha Taiar; Letícia Santos Cardoso; Luana Rocha Paulo; Cecília Ferreira Aquino; Isadora Gomes Alves Mariano; Gabriel Campos Souza; Gabriel Mader de Oliveira; Redha Taiar

doi:10.3934/mbe.2023831

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2023, Volume 20, Issue 10: 18761-18773. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2023831

Previous Article Next Article

Research article Special Issues

Acute effects of foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion and squat exercise patterns in extreme conditioning program practitioners: A randomized clinical trial

1.
Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – UEMG, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2.
Sports Center, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3.
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
4.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
5.
MATériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique – MATIM, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

Received: 15 May 2023 Revised: 13 September 2023 Accepted: 19 September 2023 Published: 09 October 2023

Background/objectives
Joint and muscle overloads commonly occur in extreme conditioning programs (ECP), which require great physical fitness for their practice. For its execution, good functional performance, mobility and adequate movement patterns are required. The fascial system plays a fundamental role in performance in ECP and one of the techniques used to improve joint mobility and movement pattern is the self-myofascial release using a foam roller (FR). Our objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FR in ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM), assessed with the Lunge Test, and also in the squat movement pattern, assessed using the Technique smartphone application, in ECP practitioners.
Methods
The study was carried out with 18 ECP practitioners who practiced for over four months and had a mean age of 30.94 years. The participants were randomized and allocated into two groups: control and intervention. The FR was self-applied bilaterally in the sural triceps region for 90 seconds. Tests to assess DF ROM and squat movement pattern were applied before and immediately after using FR (intervention group) or after three-minute rest (control group).
Results
The use of the FR promoted an immediate increase in ankle DF ROM during the Lunge Test and during the squat and a decrease in dynamic knee valgus during the squat.
Conclusion
The FR can be used as a tool for an acute increase in DF ROM and a decrease in dynamic knee valgus, having a positive impact in improving movement patterns.
- dorsiflexion,
- myofascial mobilization,
- myofascial release,
- movement pattern
Citation: Letícia Santos Cardoso, Luana Rocha Paulo, Cecília Ferreira Aquino, Isadora Gomes Alves Mariano, Gabriel Campos Souza, Gabriel Mader de Oliveira, Redha Taiar. Acute effects of foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion and squat exercise patterns in extreme conditioning program practitioners: A randomized clinical trial[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2023, 20(10): 18761-18773. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2023831

Related Papers:

Abstract

Background/objectives

Joint and muscle overloads commonly occur in extreme conditioning programs (ECP), which require great physical fitness for their practice. For its execution, good functional performance, mobility and adequate movement patterns are required. The fascial system plays a fundamental role in performance in ECP and one of the techniques used to improve joint mobility and movement pattern is the self-myofascial release using a foam roller (FR). Our objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FR in ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM), assessed with the Lunge Test, and also in the squat movement pattern, assessed using the Technique smartphone application, in ECP practitioners.

Methods

The study was carried out with 18 ECP practitioners who practiced for over four months and had a mean age of 30.94 years. The participants were randomized and allocated into two groups: control and intervention. The FR was self-applied bilaterally in the sural triceps region for 90 seconds. Tests to assess DF ROM and squat movement pattern were applied before and immediately after using FR (intervention group) or after three-minute rest (control group).

Results

The use of the FR promoted an immediate increase in ankle DF ROM during the Lunge Test and during the squat and a decrease in dynamic knee valgus during the squat.

Conclusion

The FR can be used as a tool for an acute increase in DF ROM and a decrease in dynamic knee valgus, having a positive impact in improving movement patterns.

References

[1]	J. G. Claudino, T. J. Gabbett, F. Bourgeois, H. de S. Souza, R. C. Miranda, B. Mezêncio, et al., CrossFit overview: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Sports Med. Open, 4 (2018), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5 doi: 10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5
[2]	S. K. Bok, T. H. Lee, S. S. Lee, The effects of changes of ankle strength and range of motion according to aging on balance, Ann. Rehabil. Med., 37 (2013), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2013.37.1.10 doi: 10.5535/arm.2013.37.1.10
[3]	C. M. Jones, P. C. Griffiths, S. D. Mellalieu, Training load and fatigue marker associations with injury and illness: A systematic review of longitudinal studies, Sports Med., 47 (2017), 943–974. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0619-5 doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0619-5
[4]	R. Martínez-Gómez, P. L. Valenzuela, D. Barranco-Gil, S. Moral-González, A. García-González, A. Lucia, Full-Squat as a determinant of performance in crossfit, Int. J. Sports Med., 40 (2019), 592–596. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0960-9717 doi: 10.1055/a-0960-9717
[5]	A. R.Mason-Mackay, C. Whatman, D. Reid, The effect of reduced ankle dorsiflexion on lower extremity mechanics during landing: A systematic review, J. Sci. Med. Sports, 20 (2017), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.06.006
[6]	S. Lorenzetti, M. Ostermann, F. Zeidler, P. Zimmer, L. Jentsch, R. List, et al., How to squat? effects of various stance widths foot placement angles and level, BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7 doi: 10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7
[7]	J. Bojsen-Møller, S. P. Magnusson, L. R. Rasmussen, M. Kjaer, P. Aagaard, Muscle performance during maximal isometric and dynamic contractions is influenced by the stiffness of the tendinous structures, J. Appl. Physiol., 99 (2005), 986–994. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01305.2004 doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01305.2004
[8]	H. Maas, T. G. Sandercock, Force transmission between synergistic skeletal muscles through connective tissue linkages, J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2010 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/575672 doi: 10.1155/2010/575672
[9]	L. Mohr, L. Vogt, M. Behringer, J. Wilke, Myofascial force transmission between the ankle and the dorsal knee: A study protocol, PLoS One, 17 (2022), e0276240. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276240 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276240
[10]	L. R. Paulo, A. C. R. Lacerda, F. L. M. Martins, J. S. C. Fernandes, L. S. Vieira, C. Q. Guimarães, et al., Can a single trial of a thoracolumbar myofascial release technique reduce pain and disability in chronic low back pain? A randomized balanced crossover study, J. Clin. Med., 10 (2021), 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10092006 doi: 10.3390/jcm10092006
[11]	R. Schleip, D. G. Müller, Training principles for fascial connective tissues: Scientific foundation and suggested practical applications, J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther., 17 (2013), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.06.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.06.007
[12]	M. Zügel, C. N. Maganaris, J. Wilke, K. Jurkat-Rott, W. Klingler, S. C. Wearing, et al., Fascial tissue research in sports medicine: From molecules to tissue adaptation, injury and diagnostics: Consensus statement, Br. J. Sports Med., 52 (2018), 1497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099308 doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099308
[13]	M. Bernabei, H. Maas, J. H. van Dieën, A lumped stiffness model of intermuscular and extramuscular myofascial pathways of force transmission, Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., 15 (2016), 1747–1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0795-0 doi: 10.1007/s10237-016-0795-0
[14]	N. Ikeda, S. Otsuka, Y. Kawanishi, Y. Kawakami, Effects of Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Musculoskeletal Properties, Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, 51 (2019), 2166–2172. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002035 doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002035
[15]	S. W. Cheatham, M. J. Kolber, M. Cain, M. Lee, The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: A systematic review, Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther., 10 (2015), 827–838.
[16]	D. G. Behm, J. Wilke, Do self-myofascial release devices release myofascia? Rolling mechanisms: A narrative review, Sports Med., 49 (2019), 1173–1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01149-y doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01149-y
[17]	J. Wilke, A. L. Müller, F. Giesche, G. Power, H. Ahmedi, D. G. Behm, Acute effects of foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis, Sports Med., 50 (2020), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01205-7 doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01205-7
[18]	C. B. Seffrin, N. M. Cattano, M. A. Reed, A. M. Gardiner-Shires, Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization: A systematic review and effect-size analysis, J. Athl. Train., 54 (2019), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-481-17 doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-481-17
[19]	M. Nakamura, A. Konrad, R. Kiyono, S. Sato, R. Yoshida, K. Yasaka, et al., Local and non-local effects of foam rolling on passive soft tissue properties and spinal excitability, Front. Physiol., 12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.702042 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702042
[20]	J. Stanek, T. Sullivan, S. Davis, Comparison of compressive myofascial release and the graston technique for improving ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion, J. Athl. Train., 53 (2018), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-386-16 doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-386-16
[21]	S. L. Vohralik, A. R. Bowen, J. Burns, C. E. Hiller, E. J. Nightingale, Reliability and validity of a smartphone app to measure joint range, Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 94 (2015), 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000221 doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000221
[22]	K. Bennell, R. Talbot, H. Wajswelner, W. Techovanich, D. Kelly, Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a weight-bearing lunge measure of ankle dorsiflexion, Aust. J. Physiother., 44 (1998), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60377-9 doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60377-9
[23]	C. Venturini, N. Ituassú, L. Teixeira, C. Deus, Confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores de dois métodos de medida da amplitude ativa de dorsiflexão do tornozelo em indivíduos saudáveis, Rev. Bras. Fisioter., 10 (2006), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552006000400008 doi: 10.1590/S1413-35552006000400008
[24]	G. A. Hughes, L. M. Ramer, Duration of myofascial rolling for optimal recovery, range of motion, and performance: a systematic review of the literature, Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther., 14 (2019), 845–859. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20190845 doi: 10.26603/ijspt20190845
[25]	J. C. Smith, B. R. Washell, M. F. Aini, S. Brown, M. C. Hall, Effects of static stretching and foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 51 (2019), 1752–1758. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001964 doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001964
[26]	J. Škarabot, C. Beardsley, I. Štirn, Comparing the effects of self-myofascial release with static stretching on ankle range-of-motion in adolescent athletes, Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther., 10 (2015), 203–212.
[27]	A. G. A. Aune, C. Bishop, A. N. Turner, K. Papadopoulos, S. Budd, M. Richardson, et al., Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors, J. Sports Sci., 37 (2019), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1486000 doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1486000
[28]	A. Rabin, S. Portnoy, Z. Kozol, The association of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion with hip and knee kinematics during the lateral step-down test, J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., 46 (2016), 1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2016.6621 doi: 10.2519/jospt.2016.6621
[29]	J. Schroeder, J. Wilke, K. Hollander, Effects of foam rolling duration on tissue stiffness and perfusion: A randomized cross-over trial, J. Sports Sci. Med., 20 (2021), 626–634. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.626 doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.626
[30]	K. E. Dill, R. L. Begalle, B. S. Frank, S. M. Zinder, D. A. Padua, Altered knee and ankle kinematics during squatting in those with limited weight-bearing-lunge ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion, J. Athl. Train., 49 (2014), 723–732. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.29 doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.29
[31]	C. M. Fong, J. T. Blackburn, M. F. Norcross, M. McGrath, D. A. Padua, Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion and landing biomechanics, J. Athl. Train., 46 (2011), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.5 doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.5
[32]	E. Macrum, D. R. Bell, M. Boling, M. Lewek, D. Padua, Effect of limiting ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion on lower extremity kinematics and muscle-activation patterns during a squat, J. Sports Rehabil., 21 (2012), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.21.2.144 doi: 10.1123/jsr.21.2.144
[33]	J. Wilke, H. Debelle, S. Tenberg, A. Dilley, C. Maganaris, Ankle motion is associated with soft tissue displacement in the dorsal thigh: An in vivo investigation suggesting myofascial force transmission across the knee joint, Front. Physiol., 11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00180 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00180
[34]	C. F. Aquino, S. O. Viana, S. T. Fonseca, Comportamento biomecânico e resposta dos tecidos biológicos ao estresse e à imobilização, Fisioter em Mov., 18 (2005), 35–43.

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)