Response of IAR frequency scale to solar and geomagnetic activity in solar cycle 24

Alexander S. Potapov; Tatyana N. Polyushkina; Alexander S. Potapov; Tatyana N. Polyushkina

doi:10.3934/geosci.2020031

AIMS Geosciences

2020, Volume 6, Issue 4: 545-560. doi: 10.3934/geosci.2020031

Previous Article Next Article

Research article Special Issues

Response of IAR frequency scale to solar and geomagnetic activity in solar cycle 24

Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia

Received: 15 October 2020 Accepted: 08 December 2020 Published: 16 December 2020

The ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) is an integral element of the entire ionosphere-magnetosphere system. It plays an essential role in energy exchange and interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The parameters of this resonator reflect the state of the ionosphere. The purpose of this study was to study three types of IAR frequency modulation (daily, seasonal and solar-cyclic) and to identify their relationship with solar and magnetic activity. We used the results of magnetic observations of the IAR emission at the Mondy mid-latitude observatory for the 24th solar activity cycle from 2009 to 2019. The dependence of the difference in the neighboring harmonics frequencies (i.e., the emission frequency scale) on solar activity (the sunspot number) and on the magnetic indices Kp, Dst and AE was studied. The correlation between the frequency scale and the indices of solar and magnetic activity was investigated at different time scales by comparing the variations in daily, monthly, and annual averages. The dependence of the IAR frequency scale on solar activity turns out to be much closer than the same dependence of any of the three magnetic indices. The closest relationship is exhibited between the annual average values of the frequency scale, on the one hand, and the sunspot number and the Dst index, on the other. This result is interpreted as a demonstration of the cumulative effect of solar activity on the state of the ionosphere and, first of all, on the electron concentration in the F2 region of the ionosphere.
- resonator,
- frequency modulation,
- ULF emissions,
- spectrogram,
- resonance harmonics
Citation: Alexander S. Potapov, Tatyana N. Polyushkina. Response of IAR frequency scale to solar and geomagnetic activity in solar cycle 24[J]. AIMS Geosciences, 2020, 6(4): 545-560. doi: 10.3934/geosci.2020031

Related Papers:

Abstract

The ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) is an integral element of the entire ionosphere-magnetosphere system. It plays an essential role in energy exchange and interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The parameters of this resonator reflect the state of the ionosphere. The purpose of this study was to study three types of IAR frequency modulation (daily, seasonal and solar-cyclic) and to identify their relationship with solar and magnetic activity. We used the results of magnetic observations of the IAR emission at the Mondy mid-latitude observatory for the 24th solar activity cycle from 2009 to 2019. The dependence of the difference in the neighboring harmonics frequencies (i.e., the emission frequency scale) on solar activity (the sunspot number) and on the magnetic indices Kp, Dst and AE was studied. The correlation between the frequency scale and the indices of solar and magnetic activity was investigated at different time scales by comparing the variations in daily, monthly, and annual averages. The dependence of the IAR frequency scale on solar activity turns out to be much closer than the same dependence of any of the three magnetic indices. The closest relationship is exhibited between the annual average values of the frequency scale, on the one hand, and the sunspot number and the Dst index, on the other. This result is interpreted as a demonstration of the cumulative effect of solar activity on the state of the ionosphere and, first of all, on the electron concentration in the F2 region of the ionosphere.

References

[1]	Hasegawa A, Chen L (1974) Theory of magnetic pulsations. Space Sci Rev 16: 347–359.
[2]	Southwood DJ (1974) Some features of field line resonances in the magnetosphere. Planet Space Sci 22: 483–491. doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(74)90078-6
[3]	Greifinger C, Greifinger P (1968) Theory of hydromagnetic propagation in the ionospheric waveguide. J Geophys Res 73: 7473–7490. doi: 10.1029/JA073i023p07473
[4]	Schumann WO (1952) On the radiation free self oscillations of a conducting sphere, which is surrounded by an air layer and an ionospheric shell. Z Naturforsch 72: 149–155.
[5]	Guglielmi AV (1979) MHD Waves in Near-Earth Plasma, Moscow Nauka Pbl, 1–139.
[6]	Polyakov SV (1976) On the properties of ionospheric Alfvén resonator, Simpozium KAPG po solnechno-zemnoi fizike (KAPG Simpozium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics). Book of Abstracts 3. Moscow: Nauka Pbl, 72–73.
[7]	Belyaev PP, Polyakov SV, Rapoport VO, et al. (1989) Theory for the formation of resonance structure in the spectrum of atmospheric electromagnetic background noise in the range of short-period geomagnetic pulsations. Radiophys Quantum Electron 32: 594–601. doi: 10.1007/BF01058124
[8]	Belyaev PP, Polyakov SV, Rapoport VO, et al. (1990) The ionospheric Alfvén resonator. J Atmos Terr Phys 52: 781–788. doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90010-K
[9]	Trakhtengerts VY, Feldstein AY (1991) Turbulent Alfvén boundary layer in the polar ionosphere. 1. Excitation conditions and energetic. J Geophys Res Space Phys 96: 19363–19374.
[10]	Lysak RL (1991) Feedback instability of the ionospheric resonant cavity. J Geophys Res Space Phys 96: 1553–1568. doi: 10.1029/90JA02154
[11]	Lysak RL, Yoshikawa A (2006) Resonant cavities and waveguides in the ionosphere and atmosphere. Magnetospheric ULF Waves.Geophys Monograph Ser V, Washington DC USA: American Geophysical Union, 289–306.
[12]	Belyaev PP, Bösinger T, Isaev SV, et al. (1999) First evidence at high latitudes for the ionospheric Alfvén resonator. J Geophys Res Space Phys 104: 4305–4317. doi: 10.1029/1998JA900062
[13]	Yahnin AG, Semenova NV, Ostapenko AA, et al. (2003) Morphology of the spectral resonance structure of the electromagnetic background noise in the range of 0.1–4 Hz at L = 5.2. Ann Geophys 21: 779–786.
[14]	Pokhotelov OA, Feygin FZ, Khabazin Y, et al. (2003) Observations of IAR spectral resonance at a large triangle of geophysical observatories. Proc XXVI Annual Seminar Apatity: Physics of Auroral Phenomena. Kola Science Center RAS, 123–126.
[15]	Molchanov OA, Schekotov AY, Fedorov E, et al. (2004) Ionospheric Alfvén resonance at middle latitudes: Results of observations at Kamchatka. Phys Chem Earth 29: 649–655. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2003.09.022
[16]	Bösinger T, Haldoupis C, Belyaev PP, et al. (2002) Special properties of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator observed at a low-latitude station (L = 1.3). J Geophys Res Space Phys 107: 1281–1289.
[17]	Potapov AS, Polyushkina TN, Dovbnya BV, et al. (2014) Emissions of ionospheric Alfvén resonator and ionospheric conditions. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 119: 91–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.07.001
[18]	Potapov AS, Polyushkina TN, Oinats AV, et al. (2015) Adaptation of IRI-2012 model for estimation of IAR harmonic structure. Proceedings of PIERS 2015, Prague PIERS, 2012–2016.
[19]	Potapov AS, Polyushkina TN, Tsegmed B, et al. (2017) Considering the potential of IAR emissions for ionospheric sounding. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 164: 229–234. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.026
[20]	Baru NA, Koloskov AV, Yampolsky YM, et al. (2016) Multipoint observations of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonance. Adv Astron Space Phys 6: 45–49. doi: 10.17721/2227-1481.6.45-49
[21]	Demekhov AG, Belyaev PP, Isaev SV, et al. (2000) Modelling the diurnal evolution of the resonance spectral structure of the atmospheric noise background in the Pc1 frequency range. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 62: 257–265. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00119-4
[22]	Hebden SR, Robinson TR, Wright DM, et al. (2005) A quantitative analysis of the diurnal evolution of Ionospheric Alfvén resonator magnetic resonance features and calculation of changing IAR parameters. Ann Geophys 23: 1711–1721. doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-1711-2005
[23]	Parent A, Mann IR, Rae IJ (2010) Effects of substorm dynamics on magnetic signatures of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator. J Geophys Res Space Phys 115: A02312. doi: 10.1029/2009JA014673
[24]	LEMI LLC (2016) LEMI Sensors. Available from: https://lemisensors.com/?p=274/.
[25]	Balogh A, Hudson HS, Petrovay K, et al. (2015) Introduction to the Solar Activity Cycle: Overview of Causes and Consequences. In: Balogh A, Hudson H, Petrovay K, et al. (eds), The Solar Activity Cycle. Space Sciences Series of ISSI. Springer, New York, NY, Vol 53.
[26]	National Weather Service (2020) Hello Solar Cycle 25. Available from: https://www.weather.gov/news/201509-solar-cycle.
[27]	Britannica (2020) Dalton minimum. Available from: ttps://www.britannica.com/science/Dalton-minimum/.
[28]	WDC-SILSO (2020) Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels. Available from: http://sidc.oma.be/silso/datafiles/.
[29]	NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (2020) Space Physics Data Facility, OMNIWeb. Available from: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html.
[30]	GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (2020) GFZ Data Services. Available from: ftp://ftp.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/home/obs/kp-ap/wdc/.
[31]	Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism (2020) Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University World Data Center for Geomagnetism. Available from: http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dstae/index.html/.
[32]	Nosé M, Uyeshima M, Kawai J, et al. (2017) Ionospheric Alfvén resonator observed at low-latitude ground station, Muroto. J Geophys Res Space Phys 122: 7240–7255. doi: 10.1002/2017JA024204
[33]	Fedorov EN, Mazur NG, Pilipenko VA, et al. (2016) Modeling diurnal variations of the IAR parameters. Acta Geod Geophys 51: 597–617. doi: 10.1007/s40328-015-0158-9
[34]	Semenova NV, Yahnin AG (2014) Sudden change in the resonance structure in the electromagnetic noise spectrum in the 0.1–10 Hz range during a substorm. Geomagn Aeron 54: 316–322. doi: 10.1134/S0016793214030153
[35]	Potapov AS, Polyushkina TN, Oinats AV, et al. (2016) First attempt to estimate the ion content over the ionosphere using data from the IAR frequency structure. Sovrem Probl Distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli Kosmosa 13: 192–202. doi: 10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-2-192-202
[36]	Kunitsyn VE, Nazarenko MO, Nesterov IA, et al. (2015) Solar flare forcing on ionization of upper atmosphere. Comparative study of several major X-class events of 23rd and 24th solar cycles. Moscow Univ Phys Bull 70: 312–318.
[37]	Fedorov E, Mazur N, Pilipenko V, et al. (2016) Modeling the high‐latitude ground response to the excitation of the ionospheric MHD modes by atmospheric electric discharge. J Geophys Res Space Phys 121: 11282–11301. doi: 10.1002/2016JA023354

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)