Functional characterizations of polyethylene terephthalate-degrading cutinase-like enzyme Cut190 mutants using bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as the model substrate

Yoshiji Hantani; Hiroshi Imamura; Tsubasa Yamamoto; Akane Senga; Yuri Yamagami; Minoru Kato; Fusako Kawai; Masayuki Oda; Yoshiji Hantani; Hiroshi Imamura; Tsubasa Yamamoto; Akane Senga; Yuri Yamagami; Minoru Kato; Fusako Kawai; Masayuki Oda

doi:10.3934/biophy.2018.4.290

AIMS Biophysics

2018, Volume 5, Issue 4: 290-302. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2018.4.290

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Functional characterizations of polyethylene terephthalate-degrading cutinase-like enzyme Cut190 mutants using bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as the model substrate

1.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
2.
College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
3.
Center for Fiber and Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

Received: 17 October 2018 Accepted: 13 December 2018 Published: 17 December 2018

A mutant of cutinase-like enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190, Cut190_S226P/R228S, designated as Cut190*, possesses high-thermal stability and has high polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-degrading activity. The functional characterizations of PET-degrading enzymes are generally conducted using accessible substrates such as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB), even though their structures are different from that of PET. Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is a component of PET, and the structure is similar to that of PET compared to PBSA and pNPB. Therefore, the analysis using BHET as the substrate is important to evaluate effective PET degradation. In this study, we analyzed the enzymatic activity of Cut190* using BHET under various conditions including Ca²⁺ concentration and pressure. Although terephthalate was supposed to be the final product, the intermediate product, mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET), was the only product generated, possibly due to the low binding affinity of MHET. The Cut190* activity towards BHET was observed even in the absence of Ca²⁺ and increased with increasing Ca²⁺ concentration, which is similar to its activity towards pNPB, but different from its activity towards PBSA. The difference can be attributed to the size of substrates. We also analyzed the activities of Cut190* and another high-activity mutant, Cut190*Q138A/D250C-E296C, under high pressures up to 400 MPa. BHET was non-enzymatically hydrolyzed under high pressure at 37 ℃. Enzyme activities were maintained under high pressures, and degradation of BHET in the presence of enzyme was higher than that in the absence of enzyme. Furthermore, the structural analysis of Cut190* under high pressure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that most of the enzyme molecules were populated in the native structure below 400 MPa. These results indicate that BHET can contribute to the effective functional analysis of PET-degrading enzyme, and the combination of enzyme and pressure can lead to eco-friendly PET degradation.
- Ca²⁺-dependent enzyme activity,
- high-activity mutant,
- high pressure,
- polyethylene terephthalate degradation,
- protein structure-activity relationship
Citation: Yoshiji Hantani, Hiroshi Imamura, Tsubasa Yamamoto, Akane Senga, Yuri Yamagami, Minoru Kato, Fusako Kawai, Masayuki Oda. Functional characterizations of polyethylene terephthalate-degrading cutinase-like enzyme Cut190 mutants using bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as the model substrate[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2018, 5(4): 290-302. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2018.4.290

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Abstract

A mutant of cutinase-like enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190, Cut190_S226P/R228S, designated as Cut190*, possesses high-thermal stability and has high polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-degrading activity. The functional characterizations of PET-degrading enzymes are generally conducted using accessible substrates such as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB), even though their structures are different from that of PET. Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is a component of PET, and the structure is similar to that of PET compared to PBSA and pNPB. Therefore, the analysis using BHET as the substrate is important to evaluate effective PET degradation. In this study, we analyzed the enzymatic activity of Cut190* using BHET under various conditions including Ca²⁺ concentration and pressure. Although terephthalate was supposed to be the final product, the intermediate product, mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET), was the only product generated, possibly due to the low binding affinity of MHET. The Cut190* activity towards BHET was observed even in the absence of Ca²⁺ and increased with increasing Ca²⁺ concentration, which is similar to its activity towards pNPB, but different from its activity towards PBSA. The difference can be attributed to the size of substrates. We also analyzed the activities of Cut190* and another high-activity mutant, Cut190*Q138A/D250C-E296C, under high pressures up to 400 MPa. BHET was non-enzymatically hydrolyzed under high pressure at 37 ℃. Enzyme activities were maintained under high pressures, and degradation of BHET in the presence of enzyme was higher than that in the absence of enzyme. Furthermore, the structural analysis of Cut190* under high pressure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that most of the enzyme molecules were populated in the native structure below 400 MPa. These results indicate that BHET can contribute to the effective functional analysis of PET-degrading enzyme, and the combination of enzyme and pressure can lead to eco-friendly PET degradation.

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