The functioning of our brain depends on both genes and their interactions with environmental factors. The close link between genetics and environmental factors produces structural and functional cerebral changes early on in life. Understanding the weight of environmental factors in modulating neuroplasticity phenomena and cognitive functioning is relevant for potential interventions. Among these, nutrition plays a key role. In fact, the link between gut and brain (the gut-brain axis) is very close and begins in utero, since the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) originate from the same germ layer during the embryogenesis. Here, we investigate the epigenetic mechanisms induced by some nutrients on the cognitive functioning, which affect the cellular and molecular processes governing our cognitive functions. Furthermore, epigenetic phenomena can be positively affected by specific healthy nutrients from diet, with the possibility of preventing or modulating cognitive impairments. Specifically, we described the effects of several nutrients on diet-dependent epigenetic processes, in particular DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications, and their potential role as therapeutic target, to describe how some forms of cognitive decline could be prevented or modulated from the early stages of life.
Citation: Arianna Polverino, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Matteo Pesoli, Laura Mandolesi. Nutrition and cognition across the lifetime: an overview on epigenetic mechanisms[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2021, 8(4): 448-476. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2021024
The functioning of our brain depends on both genes and their interactions with environmental factors. The close link between genetics and environmental factors produces structural and functional cerebral changes early on in life. Understanding the weight of environmental factors in modulating neuroplasticity phenomena and cognitive functioning is relevant for potential interventions. Among these, nutrition plays a key role. In fact, the link between gut and brain (the gut-brain axis) is very close and begins in utero, since the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) originate from the same germ layer during the embryogenesis. Here, we investigate the epigenetic mechanisms induced by some nutrients on the cognitive functioning, which affect the cellular and molecular processes governing our cognitive functions. Furthermore, epigenetic phenomena can be positively affected by specific healthy nutrients from diet, with the possibility of preventing or modulating cognitive impairments. Specifically, we described the effects of several nutrients on diet-dependent epigenetic processes, in particular DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications, and their potential role as therapeutic target, to describe how some forms of cognitive decline could be prevented or modulated from the early stages of life.
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
body mass index
CREB-binding protein
Central Nervous System
docosahexanoic acid
DNA methyl-transferase
Developmental Origin of Health and Disease
epigallocatechin gallate
Enteric Nervous System
eicosapentaenoic acid
fetal alcoholic syndrome
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Frontotemporal Dementia
histone acetyl-transferases
homocysteine
histone deacetylases
histone methyl-transferases
Insulin-like growth factor-2
long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
late onset Alzheimer's disease
mild cognitive impairment
methyl-CpG-binding protein
Parkinson's disease
Paternal Origin of Health and Disease
retinoic acid receptor-α
S-adenosyl-homocysteine
S-adenosyl-methionine
short-chain fatty acids
vitamin A deficiency
vitamin D receptor.
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Figures(5) / Tables(2)
Arianna Polverino, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Matteo Pesoli, Laura Mandolesi. Nutrition and cognition across the lifetime: an overview on epigenetic mechanisms[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2021, 8(4): 448-476. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2021024
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