Soil bacterial communities of Sahara and Gibson deserts: Physiological and taxonomical characteristics

Andrey A. Belov; Vladimir S. Cheptsov; Elena A. Vorobyova; Andrey A. Belov; Vladimir S. Cheptsov; Elena A. Vorobyova

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.685

AIMS Microbiology

2018, Volume 4, Issue 4: 685-710. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.685

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Research article Topical Sections

Soil bacterial communities of Sahara and Gibson deserts: Physiological and taxonomical characteristics

1.
Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2.
Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Received: 22 August 2018 Accepted: 10 December 2018 Published: 17 December 2018

The purpose of this research was to investigate the structure of soil bacteria communities present in the Gibson (Australia) and the Sahara (Egypt) deserts, as well as to estimate strain survivability under different environmental factors. It should be noticed that the screening of bacterial resistance to wide spectra of principally different stress conditions was performed for the first time. Experiments were conducted with culturable bacterial communities. Strains were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, and stress-tolerance was estimated by growing strains in various nutrient media. In order to characterize the community the epifluorescent microscopy and multisubstrate testing were also performed. High bacterial abundance in the desert soils was detected, and there was seen a significant proportion of culturable cells. The close numbers of psychotropic and mesophilic bacteria in arid ecosystems were revealed. The representatives of the Actinobacteria phylum were dominant in the microbial communities, and Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla representatives were also identified. Tolerance of the axenic bacterial cultures, isolated from arid desert ecotopes, to temperature, pH, salts (KCl, NaCl, MgSO₄, NaHCO₃), strong oxidizers (Mg(ClO₄)₂), and antibiotics (ampicillin, cephalexin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, kanamycin, rifampicin) was studied. The bacterial isolates were characterized by polyextremotolerance and by the ability to maintain metabolic activity in vitro while influenced by a wide range of physicochemical and biotic factors.
- desert,
- extremotolerance,
- stress-tolerance,
- culturable bacterial community,
- antibiotic resistance,
- soil
Citation: Andrey A. Belov, Vladimir S. Cheptsov, Elena A. Vorobyova. Soil bacterial communities of Sahara and Gibson deserts: Physiological and taxonomical characteristics[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2018, 4(4): 685-710. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.685

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Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the structure of soil bacteria communities present in the Gibson (Australia) and the Sahara (Egypt) deserts, as well as to estimate strain survivability under different environmental factors. It should be noticed that the screening of bacterial resistance to wide spectra of principally different stress conditions was performed for the first time. Experiments were conducted with culturable bacterial communities. Strains were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, and stress-tolerance was estimated by growing strains in various nutrient media. In order to characterize the community the epifluorescent microscopy and multisubstrate testing were also performed. High bacterial abundance in the desert soils was detected, and there was seen a significant proportion of culturable cells. The close numbers of psychotropic and mesophilic bacteria in arid ecosystems were revealed. The representatives of the Actinobacteria phylum were dominant in the microbial communities, and Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla representatives were also identified. Tolerance of the axenic bacterial cultures, isolated from arid desert ecotopes, to temperature, pH, salts (KCl, NaCl, MgSO₄, NaHCO₃), strong oxidizers (Mg(ClO₄)₂), and antibiotics (ampicillin, cephalexin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, kanamycin, rifampicin) was studied. The bacterial isolates were characterized by polyextremotolerance and by the ability to maintain metabolic activity in vitro while influenced by a wide range of physicochemical and biotic factors.

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