The role of long non-coding RNAs in cardiac development and disease

Carlos García-Padilla; Amelia Aránega; Diego Franco; Carlos García-Padilla; Amelia Aránega; Diego Franco

doi:10.3934/genet.2018.2.124

AIMS Genetics

2018, Volume 5, Issue 2: 124-140. doi: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.124

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Review

The role of long non-coding RNAs in cardiac development and disease

Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

Received: 30 October 2017 Accepted: 15 March 2018 Published: 26 March 2018

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Cells display a set of RNA molecules at one time point, reflecting thus the cellular transcriptional steady state, configuring therefore its transcriptome. It is basically composed of two different classes of RNA molecules; protein-coding RNAs (cRNAs) and protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Sequencing of the human genome and subsequently the ENCODE project identified that more than 80% of the genome is transcribed in some type of RNA. Importantly, only 3% of these transcripts correspond to protein-coding RNAs, pointing that ncRNAs are as important or even more as cRNAs. ncRNAs have pivotal roles in development, differentiation and disease. Non-coding RNAs can be classified into two distinct classes according to their length; i.e., small (<200 nt="" and="" long="">200 nt) noncoding RNAs. The structure, biogenesis and functional roles of small non-coding RNA have been widely studied, particularly for microRNAs (miRNAs). In contrast to microRNAs, our current understanding of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is limited. In this manuscript, we provide state-of-the art review of the functional roles of long non-coding RNAs during cardiac development as well as an overview of the emerging role of these ncRNAs in distinct cardiac diseases.
- non coding RNAs,
- cardiac development,
- microRNAs,
- lcnRNAs
Citation: Carlos García-Padilla, Amelia Aránega, Diego Franco. The role of long non-coding RNAs in cardiac development and disease[J]. AIMS Genetics, 2018, 5(2): 124-140. doi: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.124

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Abstract

Cells display a set of RNA molecules at one time point, reflecting thus the cellular transcriptional steady state, configuring therefore its transcriptome. It is basically composed of two different classes of RNA molecules; protein-coding RNAs (cRNAs) and protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Sequencing of the human genome and subsequently the ENCODE project identified that more than 80% of the genome is transcribed in some type of RNA. Importantly, only 3% of these transcripts correspond to protein-coding RNAs, pointing that ncRNAs are as important or even more as cRNAs. ncRNAs have pivotal roles in development, differentiation and disease. Non-coding RNAs can be classified into two distinct classes according to their length; i.e., small (<200 nt="" and="" long="">200 nt) noncoding RNAs. The structure, biogenesis and functional roles of small non-coding RNA have been widely studied, particularly for microRNAs (miRNAs). In contrast to microRNAs, our current understanding of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is limited. In this manuscript, we provide state-of-the art review of the functional roles of long non-coding RNAs during cardiac development as well as an overview of the emerging role of these ncRNAs in distinct cardiac diseases.

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