Current and future biocompatibility aspects of biomaterials for hip prosthesis

Amit Aherwar; Amit K Singh; Amar Patnaik; Amit Aherwar; Amit K Singh; Amar Patnaik

doi:10.3934/bioeng.2016.1.23

AIMS Bioengineering

2016, Volume 3, Issue 1: 23-43. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.1.23

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Review

Current and future biocompatibility aspects of biomaterials for hip prosthesis

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Malaviya Nagar, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017, India

Received: 16 November 2015 Accepted: 15 December 2015 Published: 28 December 2015

The field of biomaterials has turn into an electrifying area because these materials improve the quality and longevity of human life. The first and foremost necessity for the selection of the biomaterial is the acceptability by human body. However, the materials used in hip implants are designed to sustain the load bearing function of human bones for the start of the patient’s life. The most common classes of biomaterials used are metals, polymers, ceramics, composites and apatite. These five classes are used individually or in combination with other materials to form most of the implantation devices in recent years. Numerous current and promising new biomaterials i.e. metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite are discussed to highlight their merits and their frailties in terms of mechanical and metallurgical properties in this review. It is concluded that current materials have their confines and there is a need for more refined multi-functional materials to be developed in order to match the biocompatibility, metallurgical and mechanical complexity of the hip prosthesis.
- biocompatibility; biomaterials; hip prosthesis; mechanical properties; metallurgical properties
Citation: Amit Aherwar, Amit K Singh, Amar Patnaik. Current and future biocompatibility aspects of biomaterials for hip prosthesis[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2016, 3(1): 23-43. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.1.23

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Abstract

The field of biomaterials has turn into an electrifying area because these materials improve the quality and longevity of human life. The first and foremost necessity for the selection of the biomaterial is the acceptability by human body. However, the materials used in hip implants are designed to sustain the load bearing function of human bones for the start of the patient’s life. The most common classes of biomaterials used are metals, polymers, ceramics, composites and apatite. These five classes are used individually or in combination with other materials to form most of the implantation devices in recent years. Numerous current and promising new biomaterials i.e. metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite are discussed to highlight their merits and their frailties in terms of mechanical and metallurgical properties in this review. It is concluded that current materials have their confines and there is a need for more refined multi-functional materials to be developed in order to match the biocompatibility, metallurgical and mechanical complexity of the hip prosthesis.

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